---
title: Dr. John Burba's Patents | IBAT
description: A list of patents associated with Dr. John Burba, the Godfather of Lithium, as well as access to his career history and other media about him.
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---

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# Dr. John Burba PATENT DIRECTORY

#### Read below Chairman Dr. Burba's Patents as a Chemist and Innovator. 

 

### Directory of Patents

- #### Remediation of physiologically active compounds from waste water
  
  **Publication number: **20200140290
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is directed to the removal of one or more selected target materials, in particular a physiologically active compound contaminant, from various streams using a rare earth fixing agent.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **May 29, 2019
  
  **Publication date: **May 7, 2020
  
  **Applicant: **Secure Natural Resources LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, Charles F. Whitehead, Carl R. Hassler, Robert Cable
- #### Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
  
  **Publication number: **20190136340
  
  **Abstract: **A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 25, 2018
  
  **Publication date: **May 9, 2019
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
  
  **Patent number: **10179942
  
  **Abstract: **A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 2, 2014
  
  **Date of Patent: **January 15, 2019
  
  **Assignee: **Secure Natural Resources LLC
  
  **Inventor:<https://www.ibatterymetals.com/dr-burba-godfather-of-lithium>**John L. Burba, III
- #### Safe Battery Solvents
  
  **Publication number: **20170110761
  
  **Abstract: **An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 27, 2016
  
  **Publication date: **April 20, 2017
  
  **Applicant: **PRINCESS ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Mason K. Harrup, Thomas A. Luther
  
  [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/14522108/1b924d9d-0261-4720-9c93-621241944922.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/14522108/1b924d9d-0261-4720-9c93-621241944922)
  
   
  
   
  
   
- #### Safe Battery Solvents
  
  **Publication number: **20160294013
  
  **Abstract: **An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 7, 2016
  
  **Publication date: **October 6, 2016
  
  **Applicant: **PRINCESS ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
  
  **Inventors:<https://www.ibatterymetals.com/dr-burba-godfather-of-lithium>**John L. Burba, III, Mason K. Harrup, Thomas A. Luther
- #### Safe Battery Solvents
  
  **Publication number: **20160285132
  
  **Abstract: **An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 7, 2016
  
  **Publication date: **September 29, 2016
  
  **Applicant: **PRINCESS ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Mason K. Harrup, Thomas A. Luther
- #### Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
  
  **Publication number: **20150197826
  
  **Abstract: **A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 2, 2014
  
  **Publication date: **July 16, 2015
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Patent number: **8980477
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The anodes of the invention are combined with a cathode including an active material, a separator that a separates the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in communication with the cathode and the anode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing an anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 20, 2002
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 17, 2015
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba, III, John F. Engel, Marina V. Yakovleva
- #### Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
  
  **Patent number: **8936770
  
  **Abstract: **A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **January 20, 2011
  
  **Date of Patent: **January 20, 2015
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Minerals, LLC
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Sorbent for Lithium Extraction
  
  **Publication number: **20140239224
  
  **Abstract: **This invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium aluminate intercalate (LAI) matrix solid and methods for the selective extraction and recovery of lithium from lithium containing solutions, including brines. The method for preparing the LAI matrix solid includes reacting aluminum hydroxide and a lithium salt for form the lithium aluminate intercalate, which can then be mixed with up to about 25% by weight of a polymer to form the LAI matrix.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **May 5, 2014
  
  **Publication date: **August 28, 2014
  
  **Applicant: **Simbol Inc.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, Ray F. Stewart, Brian E. Viani, Stephen Harrison, Christine ellen Vogdes, John Galil Salim Lahlouh
- #### Filter substrate composition
  
  **Patent number: **8809229
  
  **Abstract: **An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **September 9, 2013
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 19, 2014
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Minerals, LLC
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba
- #### Sorbent for lithium extraction
  
  **Patent number: **8753594
  
  **Abstract: **This invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium aluminate intercalate (LAI) matrix solid and methods for the selective extraction and recovery of lithium from lithium containing solutions, including brines. The method for preparing the LAI matrix solid includes reacting aluminum hydroxide and a lithium salt for form the lithium aluminate intercalate, which can then be mixed with up to about 20% by weight of a polymer to form the LAI matrix.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **November 12, 2010
  
  **Date of Patent: **June 17, 2014
  
  **Assignee: **Simbol, Inc.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Ray F. Stewart, Brian E. Viani, Stephen Harrison, Christine Ellen Vogdes, John Galil Salim Lahlouh
  
  [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/14522108/70561b54-dd94-4de6-b607-066ae74f6765.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/14522108/70561b54-dd94-4de6-b607-066ae74f6765)
  
   
  
   
- #### Composition and process for making the composition
  
  **Publication number: **20140007773
  
  **Abstract: **An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **September 9, 2013
  
  **Publication date: **January 9, 2014
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba
- #### Composition for treating a fluid
  
  **Patent number: **8349764
  
  **Abstract: **An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Date of Patent: **January 8, 2013
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Minerals, LLC
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Ceria for use as an antimicrobial barrier and disinfectant in a wound dressing
  
  **Publication number: **20120328681
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention relates to protecting a human from an infection using a disinfecting agent as described herein and a method for use thereof, more particularly to a rare earth-containing device for protecting a wound and a method for use thereof.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **September 10, 2012
  
  **Publication date: **December 27, 2012
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **Carl R. Hassler, [J](https://www.ibatterymetals.com/dr-burba-godfather-of-lithium)ohn L. Burba, Charles Whitehead, Joe Pascoe
- #### Process and apparatus for treating a gas containing a contaminant
  
  **Patent number: **8252087
  
  **Abstract: **Apparatus, process and article for treating a gas containing one or more of a chemical and/or biological contaminant. The process includes contacting the gas with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a gas depleted of chemical and active biological contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The composition comprises no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate has been sintered. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate. In one embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include the treatment of breathing gases such as air that may contain chemical and/or biological contaminants.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 28, 2012
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Minerals, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Method and apparatus for removing arsenic from an arsenic bearing material
  
  **Publication number: **20120138528
  
  **Abstract: **A method and apparatus for removing arsenic from an arsenic-bearing material. The method includes the steps of contracting an arsenic-bearing material with an arsenic leaching agent to form an arsenic-containing solution and arsenic-depleted solids. The leaching agent can be an inorganic salt, an inorganic acid, an organic acid, and/or an alkaline agent. The arsenic-depleted solids are separated from the arsenic-containing solution, which is contacted with a fixing agent to produce an arsenic-depleted solution and an arsenic-laden fixing agent. The fixing agent comprises a rare earth-containing compound that can include cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The fixing agent is then separated from the arsenic-depleted solution. A recoverable metal in the arsenic-depleted solids, arsenic-containing solution or arsenic-depleted solution can be separated and recovered. Recoverable metals can include metal from Group IA, Group IIA, Group VIII and the transition metals.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **June 7, 2012
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Carl R. Hassler, C. Brock O'Kelley, Charles F. Whitehead
- #### Method and apparatus for removing arsenic from a solution
  
  **Publication number: **20120138530
  
  **Abstract: **A method and apparatus for separating arsenic from an aqueous solution containing arsenic. The method includes the steps of contacting an arsenic-containing solution with a first portion of fixing agent to remove at least a portion of the arsenic. An arsenic-laden fixing agent is separated from the solution and the partially depleted solution is contacted with a second portion of fixing agent. The fixing agent can include a high surface area insoluble compound containing one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. Following removal of the arsenic, the arsenic-depleted solution can be further processed to separate a recoverable metal through metal refining. The arsenic-laden fixing agent can be filtered to recover and recycle a filtrate to the solution for additional treatment, as well as using a partially saturated fixing agent to remove arsenic from fresh solution.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **June 7, 2012
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Carl R. Hassler, C. Brock O'Kelley, Charles F. Whitehead
- #### Method and apparatus for recovering a metal and separating arsenic from an arsenic containing solution
  
  **Publication number: **20120138529
  
  **Abstract: **A method and apparatus for recovering a metal and separating arsenic from an arsenic-containing solution. The method includes contacting the arsenic-containing solution with a fixing agent that comprises a rare earth compound to produce an arsenic-depleted solution and an arsenic-laden fixing agent. The fixing agent comprises a rare earth-containing compound that can include cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The fixing agent is separated from the arsenic-depleted solution and a recoverable metal is separated from one or more of the arsenic-containing solution and the arsenic-depleted solution. Recoverable metals can include metal from Group IA, Group IIA, Group VIII and the transition metals. The arsenic-containing solution can be formed by contacting an arsenic-containing material with a leaching agent. Arsenic-depleted solids formed during the leach can also be separated and recovered.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **June 7, 2012
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Carl R. Hassler, C. Brock O'Kelley, Charles F. Whitehead
- #### Agglomeration of high surface area rare earths
  
  **Publication number: **20120031827
  
  **Abstract: **The subject invention relates generally to friable metal oxide agglomerates and specifically to agglomerates containing high surface area rare earth-containing materials and a polymeric binder.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **August 8, 2011
  
  **Publication date: **February 9, 2012
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, Carl R. Hassler, Charles F. Whitehead, Joseph A. Lupo, John Lahlouh, Chris Vogdes, Brandt Wright
- #### Methods and devices for enhancing contaminant removal by rare earths
  
  **Publication number: **20110309017
  
  **Abstract: **Embodiments are provided for removing a variety of contaminants using both rare earth and non-rare earth-containing treatment elements.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **April 13, 2011
  
  **Publication date: **December 22, 2011
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **Carl R. Hassler, John L. Burba, III, Charles F. Whitehead, Joseph Lupo, Timothy L. Oriard
- #### Remediation of physiologically active compounds from waste water
  
  **Publication number: **20110303871
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is directed to the removal of one or more selected target materials, in particular a physiologically active compound contaminant, from various streams using a rare earth fixing agent.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 13, 2011
  
  **Publication date: **December 15, 2011
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, Charles F. Whitehead, Carl R. Hassler, Robert Cable
- #### Apparatus for treating a flow of an aqueous solution containing arsenic
  
  **Patent number: **8066874
  
  **Abstract: **An apparatus for treating an aqueous solution containing arsenic. The apparatus comprises a container that includes a housing, an inlet located at a first end of the housing and an outlet located at a second end opposite the first end. An outer wall extends between the first and second ends and enclosing a fluid flow path between the inlet and the outlet and an arsenic fixing agent is disposed in the fluid flow path. The arsenic fixing agent can include an insoluble rare earth-containing compound, more specifically, a compound comprising one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The inlet and the outlet are adapted to be closed during transport and storage. The container is adapted to be sealed for long term disposal after exposure to an aqueous solution containing arsenic.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Date of Patent: **November 29, 2011
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Minerals, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Carl R. Hassler, C. Brock O'Kelley, Joseph A. Lupo, Joseph R. Pascoe
- #### Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
  
  **Publication number: **20110182786
  
  **Abstract: **A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **January 20, 2011
  
  **Publication date: **July 28, 2011
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20110033337
  
  **Abstract: **Process, apparatus and article for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a biological contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of active biological contaminants. The aggregate includes more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, a cerium oxalate or a cerium salt. The composition can consist essentially of cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder and/or flow aid. The aggregate includes no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate is to be sintered.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 11, 2010
  
  **Publication date: **February 10, 2011
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Ceria for use as an antimicrobial barrier and disinfectant in a wound dressing
  
  **Publication number: **20110002971
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention relates to protecting a human from an infection using a disinfecting agent as described herein and a method for use thereof, more particularly to a rare earth-containing device for protecting a wound and a method for use thereof.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **July 6, 2010
  
  **Publication date: **January 6, 2011
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **Carl R. Hassler, John L. Burba, Charles Whitehead, Joe Pascoe
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20100255559
  
  **Abstract: **Process, apparatus and article for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a biological contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of active biological contaminants. The aggregate includes more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, a cerium oxalate or a cerium salt. The composition can consist essentially of cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder and/or flow aid. The aggregate includes no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate is to be sintered.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 11, 2010
  
  **Publication date: **October 7, 2010
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20100243542
  
  **Abstract: **Process, apparatus and article for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a biological contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of active biological contaminants. The aggregate includes more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, a cerium oxalate or a cerium salt. The composition can consist essentially of cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder and/or flow aid. The aggregate includes no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate is to be sintered.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **June 11, 2010
  
  **Publication date: **September 30, 2010
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing chemical contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20100168498
  
  **Abstract: **Apparatus, process and article for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of chemical contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, cerium oxalate and/or a cerium salt. The aggregate composition can include more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound, and in a particular embodiment consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally a binder and/or flow aid. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include removing or detoxifying chemical contaminants in water.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **March 10, 2010
  
  **Publication date: **July 1, 2010
  
  **Applicant: **MOLYCORP MINERALS, LLC
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Richard D. Witham
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20090107925
  
  **Abstract: **Process, apparatus and article for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a biological contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of active biological contaminants. The aggregate includes mote than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, a cerium oxalate or a cerium salt. The composition can consist essentially of cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder and/or flow aid. The aggregate includes no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate is to be sintered.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **April 30, 2009
  
  **Applicant: **CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Process and apparatus for treating a gas containing a contaminant
  
  **Publication number: **20090112043
  
  **Abstract: **Apparatus, process and article for treating a gas containing one or more of a chemical and/or biological contaminant. The process includes contacting the gas with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a gas depleted of chemical and active biological contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The composition comprises no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate has been sintered. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate. In one embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include the treatment of breathing gases such as air that may contain chemical and/or biological contaminants.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **April 30, 2009
  
  **Applicant: **CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Tim L. Oriard
- #### Apparatus and process for treating an aqueous solution containing chemical contaminants
  
  **Publication number: **20090107919
  
  **Abstract: **Apparatus, process and article for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of chemical contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, cerium oxalate and/or a cerium salt. The aggregate composition can include more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound, and in a particular embodiment consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally a binder and/or flow aid. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include removing or detoxifying chemical contaminants in water.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **April 30, 2009
  
  **Applicant: **CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Richard D. Witham
- #### Composition and process for making the composition
  
  **Publication number: **20090111689
  
  **Abstract: **An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **April 30, 2009
  
  **Applicant: **CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Apparatus for treating a flow of an aqueous solution containing arsenic
  
  **Publication number: **20080156734
  
  **Abstract: **An apparatus for treating an aqueous solution containing arsenic. The apparatus comprises a container that includes a housing, an inlet located at a first end of the housing and an outlet located at a second end opposite the first end. An outer wall extends between the first and second ends and enclosing a fluid flow path between the inlet and the outlet and an arsenic fixing agent is disposed in the fluid flow path. The arsenic fixing agent can include an insoluble rare earth-containing compound, more specifically, a compound comprising one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The inlet and the outlet are adapted to be closed during transport and storage. The container is adapted to be sealed for long term disposal after exposure to an aqueous solution containing arsenic.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **October 31, 2007
  
  **Publication date: **July 3, 2008
  
  **Applicant: **CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, Carl R. Hassler, C. Brock O'Kelley, Joseph A. Lupo, Joseph R. Pascoe
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Patent number: **7276314
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The freshly prepared anodes of the invention are combined with a positive electrode including an active material, a separator that a separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte in communication with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing a freshly prepared anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **January 16, 2004
  
  **Date of Patent: **October 2, 2007
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba, III
- #### Lithium cobalt oxides and methods of making same
  
  **Patent number: **6932922
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1?xAxO2+y wherein 0.96?w?1.05, 0?x?0.05, ?0.02?y?0.02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship axi+byi?c, wherein xi={right arrow over (S)}i•{right arrow over (P)}c1; yi={right arrow over (S)}i•{right arrow over (P)}c2; the vector {right arrow over (S)}i is the x-ray spectrum for the LiwCo1?xAxO2+y compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}c1 and {right arrow over (P)}c2 defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}i between 15° and 120° using a 0.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **April 25, 2003
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 23, 2005
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, Marina Yakovleva, John L. Burba, III, John F. Engel
- #### Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator
  
  **Patent number: **6925924
  
  **Abstract: **A non-linear shaped charge perforator for use in perforating an oil and gas formation into which a wellbore has been drilled comprises a monolithic, axisymmetric metal case in which is disposed a main explosive charge between the front of the case, which is closed with a concave metal liner, and the closed back end of the case. The main explosive charge contains multiple initiation points, preferably two initiation points located about 180° apart on the outside surface of the charge, so that when the perforator is detonated the main charge is initiated such that the metal liner is collapsed into a non-circular jet, preferably a fan-shaped jet, that pierces the casing of the wellbore and forms non-circular perforations, preferably slot-shaped perforations, in the surrounding formation.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 14, 2003
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 9, 2005
  
  **Assignee: **Molycorp Inc.
  
  **Inventors: **Ernest L. Baker, David C. Daniel, David S. Wesson, John L. Burba, III, Arthur S. Daniels, Robert E. Davis
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Publication number: **20040146784
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The freshly prepared anodes of the invention are combined with a positive electrode including an active material, a separator that a separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte in communication with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing a freshly prepared anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **January 16, 2004
  
  **Publication date: **July 29, 2004
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Patent number: **6706447
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The freshly prepared anodes of the invention are combined with a positive electrode including an active material, a separator that a separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte in communication with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing a freshly prepared anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 19, 2001
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 16, 2004
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation, Lithium Division
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba, III
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Publication number: **20040002005
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The anodes of the invention are combined with a cathode including an active material, a separator that a separates the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in communication with the cathode and the anode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing an anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 20, 2002
  
  **Publication date: **January 1, 2004
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba, John F. Engel, Marina V. Yakovleva
- #### Lithium cobalt oxides and methods of making same
  
  **Publication number: **20030205700
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1−xAxO2+y wherein 0.96≦w≦1.05, 0≦x≦0.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **April 25, 2003
  
  **Publication date: **November 6, 2003
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, Marina Yakovleva, John L. Burba, John F. Engel
- #### Lithium cobalt oxides and methods of making same
  
  **Patent number: **6579475
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1−xAxO2+y wherein 0.96≦w≦1.05, 0≦x≦0.05, −0.02≦y≦0.02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship axi+byi≦c, wherein xi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c1; yi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c2; the vector {right arrow over (S)}i is the x-ray spectrum for the LiwCo1−xAxO2+y compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}c1 and {right arrow over (P)}c2 defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}i between 15° and 120° using a 0.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 7, 2000
  
  **Date of Patent: **June 17, 2003
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, Marina Yakovleva, John L. Burba, III, John F. Engel
- #### Lithium cobalt oxides and methods of making same
  
  **Publication number: **20020127175
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1−xAxO2+y wherein 0.96≦w≦1.05, 0≦x≦0.05, −0.02≦y≦0.02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship axi+byi≦c, wherein xi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c1; yi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c2; the vector {right arrow over (S)}i is the x-ray spectrum for the LiwCo1−xAxO2+y compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}c1 and {right arrow over (P)}c2 defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}i between 15° and 120° using a 0.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 7, 2000
  
  **Publication date: **September 12, 2002
  
  **Applicant: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, Marina Yakovleva, John L. Burba, John F. Engel
- #### Lithium metal dispersion in secondary battery anodes
  
  **Publication number: **20020119373
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The freshly prepared anodes of the invention are combined with a positive electrode including an active material, a separator that a separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte in communication with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing a freshly prepared anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.
  
  **Type: **Application
  
  **Filed: **December 19, 2001
  
  **Publication date: **August 29, 2002
  
  **Applicant: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Yuan Gao, John L. Burba
- #### Composition for the recovery of lithium values from brine and process of making/using said composition
  
  **Patent number: **6280693
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention is a composition comprising pellets, each of said pellets consisting essentially of an integral mass of polycrystalline material of randomly disposed crystals of hydrated alumina infused with an amount of LiX to produce LiX/Al(OH)3 having up to a mol fraction of 0.33 of LiX in the so-produced LiX/Al(OH)3, wherein LiX is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Li hydroxide, Li halide, Li nitrate, Li sulfate, and Li bicarbonate. The present invention further includes methods of preparing the composition and methods of recovery lithium values from brine using the composition.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **September 20, 1996
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 28, 2001
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **William C. Bauman, John L. Burba, III
- #### Process for modifying the rheology of polyolefins
  
  **Patent number: **6077914
  
  **Abstract: **The molecular weight of a polyolefin such as polypropylene is reduced, as evidenced by lowered viscosity and increased melt flow rate, by treatment with an inorganic peroxygen selected from metal persulfates, ammonium persulfates, and any mixtures thereof. The treatment avoids or minimizes the color or odor attendant treatment with organic peroxygens and the toxic products of organic persulfate decomposition, and avoids the special handling required with organic peroxides.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **February 19, 1998
  
  **Date of Patent: **June 20, 2000
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **Nancy D. Arabinick, John L. Burba, III, William O. Dalton
- #### Elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity
  
  **Patent number: **5721198
  
  **Abstract: **Elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared, e.g., by combining liquid formulations with a crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is amount of Li, d is amount of divalent metal D, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n and a is the amount of A, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration, if any. These make useful coatings.The instantly reversible fluidization of these unique elastic solids may be expressed as:.sigma.=k.sub..alpha. .epsilon. when .epsilon.<F, for the solid phase; and.sigma.=f(d.epsilon.'/dt) when .epsilon.'>F, (this equation represents a generalized form for the usual theological equations); for a cycle of .epsilon., -xF <.epsilon.<xF, and when .epsilon.' equals 0 the liquid phase changes back to the solid phase, andwhere the symbol .sigma. represents stress; k.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **August 18, 1995
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 24, 1998
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Christopher P. Christenson
- #### Polymeric composites with crystalline mixed metal hydroxide particles dispersed therein
  
  **Patent number: **5658653
  
  **Abstract: **The invention provides composites of organic polymeric compositions including a matrix of an organic polymer and a filler distributed throughout the matrix, the flier being present in the matrix substantially as separate particles, each about the fundamental particle size of the filler. The fillers are unique mixed metal hydroxide compositions that are obtainable in sub-micron size particles. These particles are layered and have a BET specific surface area in excess of about 100 m.sup.2 /g. An anion of the particulates is selected to be compatible with the organic polymer thereby providing ease of dispersion of the filler particles throughout the polymer matrix.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **November 23, 1994
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 19, 1997
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **Clive P. Bosnyak, John L. Burba, III, Malcolm F. Finlayson, Arthur E. Read, Jr., Chai-Jing Chou
- #### Pseudoplastic mixed metal layered hydroxide fluid with fluid loss additive and method of use in penetrating the earth
  
  **Patent number: **5658859
  
  **Abstract: **The present invention relates to a pseudoplastic fluid composition including water, a mixed metal layered hydroxide dispersed in the water to impart preselected rheological properties to the fluid and a fluid loss additive composition including one or more of a carboxymethyl substituted vegetable starch, a carboxymethylated cellulosic compound or mixtures thereof in an amount effective to inhibit loss of fluid and with the degree of substitution being selected so that the carboxymethyl substituted compound is soluble in the fluid at the concentration of use without materially adversely affecting the rheological properties of the fluid and so that the fluid is resistant to fermentation. The improved composition includes a crosslinked carboxymethylated vegetable starch which has a degree of substitution in the broad range from about 0.3 to about 0.8 and in a narrower range of about 0.4 to about 0.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **January 30, 1996
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 19, 1997
  
  **Assignee: **Dowell Schlumberger Incorporated
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Lindsay J. Fraser
- #### Recovery of lithium values from brines
  
  **Patent number: **5599516
  
  **Abstract: **Pellets of a polycrystalline hydrated alumina, especially Gibbsite, are infused with LiOH to obtain loadings up to 0.33 mol fraction of LiOH in the LiOH/Al(OH).sub.3. The so-prepared material is useful for mixing with a LiX-containing brine solution, producing an interaction of the LiOH infused in the alumina pellets with the X ion (where X represents an acid salt moiety, especially halide) of the LiX-containing brine. The LiX interaction product is efficiently removed from the alumina pellets by water washing, leaving rejuvenated LiOH which can be used in yet another cycling of LiX formation/water removal. A plurality of loading and unloading cycles are achieved, yielding an appreciable amount of the lithium values derived from the brine.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **February 13, 1995
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 4, 1997
  
  **Assignee: **FMC Corporation
  
  **Inventors: **William C. Bauman, John L. Burba, III
- #### Processes producing methyl mercaptan
  
  **Patent number: **5481042
  
  **Abstract: **Described are preferred processes which produce methyl mercaptan from methyl bromide and aqueous mediums of metal hydrosulfide. The processes can be used to simultaneously consume methyl bromide byproduct and aqueous NaSH byproduct while producing methyl mercaptan.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **April 11, 1994
  
  **Date of Patent: **January 2, 1996
  
  **Assignee: **Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, James T. Ayres, Preston E. Spires, John E. Hill
- #### Elastic solids having reversible strain-induced fluidity
  
  **Patent number: **5443761
  
  **Abstract: **Elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared, e.g., by combining liquid formulations with a crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is amount of Li, d is amount of divalent metal D, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n and a is the amount of A, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration, if any. These make useful coatings.The instantly reversible fluidization of these unique elastic solids may be expressed as:.tau.=ka.epsilon.,When .epsilon.<F, for the solid phase; and.epsilon.=f(d.epsilon.'/dt)when .epsilon.'<F, (this equation represents a generalized form for the usual rheological equations); for a cycle of .epsilon., -xF<.epsilon.<xF, and when .epsilon.' equals 0 the liquid phase changes back to the solid phase, andwhere the symbol .sigma. represents stress; k.sub.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 11, 1991
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 22, 1995
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Christopher P. Christenson
- #### Coating composition comprising solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity
  
  **Patent number: **5418271
  
  **Abstract: **Coating formulations which behave as elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by creating a fluid having distributed therein effective amounts of ionic charge sites and countercharge sites. For instance, elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by combining liquid formulations with a dispersion of a small, but effective, amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n and a is the amount of A, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration, if any.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 11, 1991
  
  **Date of Patent: **May 23, 1995
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Peter A. Doty, Christopher P. Christenson, Susan K. Falcone, Andrea H. Hazlitt, Thomas M. Knobel, Wilfred C. Meyer, Arthur E. Read, Jr., Edgar F. Hoy, Avis L. McCrary, Ha Q. Pham, Stanley F. Simpson, Steve A. Sims, Betty J. Smith
- #### Recovery of lithium values from brines
  
  **Patent number: **5389349
  
  **Abstract: **Morphologically altered pellets of a polycrystalline hydrated alumina, intercalated with LiX (where LiX is a lithium salt, preferably LiCl), is prepared by contacting the polycrystalline structure with LiX solution carried in NaCl brine, the LiX creating lithium-specific sites of intercalation in the crystalline structur[e](https://www.ibatterymetals.com/patents/intercalations-of-crystalline-lithium-aluminates), and the material is used in a LiX absorption process involving unloading LiX from the pellets, and then passing a LiX-containing brine through the pellets to capture more LiX in the Li-depleted active sites, and repeating the unloading and loading of the LiX a plurality of cycles. The unloaded LiX is collected as crude product which can be concentrated by evaporation and removing precipitated NaCl.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **May 24, 1993
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 14, 1995
  
  **Inventors: **William C. Bauman, John L. Burba, III
- #### Mixed metal layered hydroxide hydrophilic organic material as thickeners for water and other hydrophylic fluids
  
  **Patent number: **5308547
  
  **Abstract: **Novel compositions useful as fluid gelling agents, especially for use in subterranean applications such as drilling fluids, are prepared by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a clay, such as bentonite, with an aqueous gel of a monodispersed mixed metal layered hydroxide of the formula Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n, where D is a divalent metal, such as Mg, T is a trivalent metal, such as Al, and A represents other monovalent or polyvalent anions, the formula being described in detail in the disclosure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **November 15, 1991
  
  **Date of Patent: **May 3, 1994
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Audrey L. Barnes
- #### Adducts of clay and activated mixed metal oxides
  
  **Patent number: **5232627
  
  **Abstract: **Adducts of clay, especially of the smectite variety, most especially bentonite, are prepared with an effective amount of at least one activated mixed metal oxide or oxy-hydroxide (AHMMO) formed by dehydrating hydrotalcite or a mixture comprising magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide, or a crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a. xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration. These adducts are useful, e.g., in drilling muds and in viscosity modification of a wide variety of fluids.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **April 16, 1991
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 3, 1993
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Arthur E. Read, Jr., Edgar F. Hoy
- #### Mixed metal hydroxide-clay adducts as thickeners for water and other hydrophylic fluids
  
  **Patent number: **5196143
  
  **Abstract: **Novel compositions useful as fluid gelling agents, especially for use in subterranean applications such as drilling fluids, are prepared by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a clay, such as bentonite, with an aqueous gel of a monodispersed mixed metal layered hydroxide of the formula Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sup.n.sub.a.H.sub.2 O, where x is zero or more representing excess water of hydration, where D is a divalent metal, such as Mg, T is a trivalent metal, such as Al, and A represents other monovalent or polyvalent anions, the formula being described in detail in the disclosure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **May 10, 1991
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 23, 1993
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Audrey L. Barnes
- #### Antimicrobial positively charged particles
  
  **Patent number: **5154932
  
  **Abstract: **Formulations or products are caused to be active antimicrobials by the addition thereto of at least one effective amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide (MMOH) conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH) (m+2d+3+na) (A.sup.n).sub.a.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical, (m+2d+3+na) is equal or to greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration. The MMOH forms an adduct with, an coats, the microbes, thereby deactivating the microbes.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **September 4, 1990
  
  **Date of Patent: **October 13, 1992
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, John L. Alexander, Arthur E. Read, Jr., Wilfred W. Wilson
- #### Mixed metal hydroxide containing a dispersant
  
  **Patent number: **5094778
  
  **Abstract: **Novel compositions useful as fluid gelling agents, especially for use in subterranean applications such as drilling fluids, are prepared by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a clay, such as bentonite, with an aqueous gel of a monodispersed mixed metal layered hydroxide of the formula Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.J.sup.n where D is a divalent metal, such as Mg, T is a trivalent metal, such as Al, and A represents other monovalent or polyvalent anions, the formula being described in detail in the disclosure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **May 16, 1990
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 10, 1992
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Audrey L. Barnes
- #### Layered mixed metal hydroxides made in non-aqueous media
  
  **Patent number: **5084209
  
  **Abstract: **Crystalline layered mixed metal hydroxides (LMMHs) which are substantially free of unbound water and which conform substantially to the general formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(3+m+d),wherem represents an amount of Li of from 0 to 3,D represents a divalent metal cation, and d represents an amount of D of from 0 to 8.0,T represents a trivalent metal cation, and (3+m+d) represents an amount which substantially satisfies the valence requirements of Li, D and T, andwhere m+d does not equal zero,are prepared, in an organic reaction medium which is essentially free of unbound water, by mixing predetermined metal organo compounds in predetermined ratios and reacting the metal organo compounds with at least one reagent which supplies OH.sup.- ions to replace the beginning anions in the mixture of metal compounds.A preferred LMMH is one which conforms substantially to the generic formula Mg.sub.d Al(OH).sub.(3+d), where d represents the amount of Mg per each unit of Al.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **November 6, 1990
  
  **Date of Patent: **January 28, 1992
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Steve A. Sims, Thomas M. Knobel
- #### Viscosity-modifiers for aqueous-based functional products containing mixed metal hydroxides
  
  **Patent number: **5015409
  
  **Abstract: **Aqueous-based functional products or corrosive products such as cleansers, household products, commercial products, and personal care products are thickened or viscosity-modified by the addition of at least a small, but effective, amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.a) A.sub.a.sup.n.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radial of valence n, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **March 11, 1988
  
  **Date of Patent: **May 14, 1991
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **Arthur E. Read, Jr., John L. Burba, III, Peter A. Doty, Clarence R. Crabb
  
   
  
   
- #### Mixed metal hydroxides for thickening water or hydrophylic fluids
  
  **Patent number: **4990268
  
  **Abstract: **Novel monodispersed crystalline mixed metal layered hydroxide compounds of the general formula are prepared:Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n, where m is an amount from zero to 1; D is a divalent metal; d is the amount of D ions of from zero to 4; T is a trivalent metal; A represents anions or negative-valence radicals of valence n; na is from zero to -3; (m+d) is greater than zero; and (m+2d+3+na) is equal to or greater than 3. The D metal is preferably Mg and the T metal is preferably Al. These compounds are useful as gelling agents which impart beneficial thixotropic properties to various fluids, such as drilling fluids, especially when employed along with fluid loss agents.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **June 9, 1987
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 5, 1991
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Greene W. Strother
- #### Intercalations of crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4910246
  
  **Abstract: **Useful compositions are prepared by incorporating into organic materials, crystalline lithium aluminates which conform substantially to the empirical formula(LiA.sub.x).sub.y.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owhere A represents one or more anions and/or negative-valence radicals,where x represents a quantity of A ions and/or radicals sufficient to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of the Li,where y is a numerical value sufficient to maintain the crystalline structure,and where n represents the number of waters of hydration, if any.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **November 23, 1987
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 20, 1990
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, William C. Bauman
- #### Intercalations of crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4812245
  
  **Abstract: **Useful compositions are prepared by incorporating into organic materials, crystalline lithium aluminates which conform substantially to the empirical formula(LiA.sub.x).sub.y.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owhere A represents one or more anions and/or negative-valence radicals,where x represents a quantity of A ions and/or radicals sufficient to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of the Li,where y is a numerical value sufficient to maintain the crystalline structure,and where n represents the number of waters of hydration, if any.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **April 14, 1986
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 14, 1989
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, William C. Bauman
  
  [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/14522108/c9d12f13-9790-4078-85d9-4bcf42a449ca.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/14522108/c9d12f13-9790-4078-85d9-4bcf42a449ca)
  
   
  
   
- #### Mixed metal hydroxide-clay adducts as thickeners for water and other hydrophylic fluids
  
  **Patent number: **4790954
  
  **Abstract: **Novel compositions useful as fluid gelling agents, especially for use in subterranean applications such as drilling fluids, are prepared by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a clay, such as bentonite, with an aqueous gel of a monodispersed mixed metal layered hydroxide of the formula Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n, where D is a divalent metal, such as Mg, T is a trivalent metal, such as Al, and A represents other monovalent or polyvalent anions, the formula being described in detail in the disclosure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **May 7, 1987
  
  **Date of Patent: **December 13, 1988
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Audrey L. Barnes
- #### Preparation of precursor materials convertible into bi- and poly-metal spinels
  
  **Patent number: **4748139
  
  **Abstract: **A method of producing layered structures of metal hydroxides (one or more metals) free of chloride or chlorine is disclosed. A specific ratio layered structure hydroxide is obtained from mixing first and second metals (respectively in the form of hydroxide, oxyhydroxide carbonate or nitrate as to the first metal and a hydroxide or alkali metal oxide as to the second) in proportions yielding a precipitated layered structure. The precipitators metal hydroxides with any excess of metal over 1:1 forming a segregated phase. Processing involves mixing, maintaining as a suspension up to about 48 hours at temperatures above about 40.degree. C. followed by cooling to recover the precipitate.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **June 2, 1986
  
  **Date of Patent: **May 31, 1988
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Intercalations of crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4727167
  
  **Abstract: **Useful compositions are prepared by incorporating into organic materials, crystalline lithium aluminates which conform substantially to the empirical formula(LiA.sub.x).sub.y.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owhere A represents one or more anions and/or negative-valence radicals,where x represents a quantity of A ions and/or radicals sufficient to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of the Li,where y is a numerical value sufficient to maintain the crystalline structure,and where n represents the number of waters of hydration, if any.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **April 14, 1986
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 23, 1988
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, William C. Bauman
- #### Mixed metal layered hydroxide-clay adducts as thickeners for water and other hydrophylic fluids
  
  **Patent number: **4664843
  
  **Abstract: **Novel compositions useful as fluid gelling agents, especially for use in subterranean applications such as drilling fluids, are prepared by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a clay, such as bentonite, with an aqueous gel of a monodispersed mixed metal layered hydroxide of the formula Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n, where D is a divalent metal, such as Mg, T is a trivalent metal, such as Al, and A represents other monovalent or polyvalent anions, the formula being described in detail in the disclosure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **July 5, 1985
  
  **Date of Patent: **May 12, 1987
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Audrey L. Barnes
- #### Transition metal aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4594335
  
  **Abstract: **Crystalline transition metal aluminate compounds are formed by reacting transition metal compounds with crystalline hydrous alumina, such as gibbsite, bayerite, norstrandite, boehmite and the like. The crystalline hydrous alumina may be unsupported by a solid substrate or may be supported on a solid substrate or within the pores of a solid substrate, such as a macroporous resin.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **May 11, 1984
  
  **Date of Patent: **June 10, 1986
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John L. Burba, III, Richard A. Wolcott
- #### Crystalline 3-layer lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4540509
  
  **Abstract: **Ion exchange resins in the base form, e.g., DOWEX MWA--1--OH ion exchange resin, which contain crystalline Al(OH).sub.3, e.g., gibbsite, and/or bayerite, and/or norstrandite, are treated with hot, concentrated LiX solutions (where X is anion) to prepare 3-layer crystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O in the resin.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **August 30, 1982
  
  **Date of Patent: **September 10, 1985
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Halide removal from fluid organic materials
  
  **Patent number: **4511710
  
  **Abstract: **Unwanted halogen values are removed from liquid resin, organic or hydrocarbon material by adding particulate crystalline lithium aluminate compounds to the liquid material to act as a halogen scavenger, then separating the crystalline aluminate compound from the liquid material.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **June 11, 1984
  
  **Date of Patent: **April 16, 1985
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **Chun S. Wang, Kyle B. Benkendorfer, John L. Burba, III
- #### Higher density ion exchange resins of metal compound precipitated within pores
  
  **Patent number: **4477597
  
  **Abstract: **Macroporous ion exchange resins having increased apparent density are provided by incorporating into said resins a weighting agent which is of greater apparent density than the resin itself. Such weighted resins exhibit reduced bed expansion when used with upflow streams, with relatively dense liquids, and with relatively viscous liquids.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **October 2, 1981
  
  **Date of Patent: **October 16, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **John M. Lee, William C. Bauman, Richard A. Wolcott, John L. Burba, III
- #### Crystalline 2-layer lithium-hydroxy aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4477367
  
  **Abstract: **Crystalline 2-layer LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O, preferably supported by a porous substrate, is prepared by treating crystalline 2-layer LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O, where X is anion, with a LiOH solution or other hydroxide ion source. The so-formed crystalline 2-layer LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O is particularly suitable for exchange of the OH ion with larger X' ions to produce other crystalline 2-layer LiX'.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **August 30, 1982
  
  **Date of Patent: **October 16, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Regeneration of crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4472362
  
  **Abstract: **Crystalline 2-layer lithium aluminate, especially when carried in an ion exchange resin, is regenerated for use as an extractor for Li.sup.+ values in aqueous solution, said regeneration being done by using an aqueous wash containing at least about 800 ppm Li.sup.+ ion.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **August 30, 1982
  
  **Date of Patent: **September 18, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor:<https://www.ibatterymetals.com/news/the-wall-street-ledger-interviews-dr.-john-burba>**John L. Burba, III
- #### Selective extraction of cobalt from ores
  
  **Patent number: **4464348
  
  **Abstract: **Cobalt values are extracted from Co-containing ores or minerals by using an aqueous solution containing a reducing agent (e.g., hydrazine hydrosulfate). The leachant substantially rejects nickel values, thus cobalt is extracted which is substantially free of nickel.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **January 10, 1983
  
  **Date of Patent: **August 7, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Method of making crystalline 2-layer lithium aluminates in ion exchange resins
  
  **Patent number: **4461714
  
  **Abstract: **The bayerite form of crystalline alumina, Al(OH).sub.3, contained within a macroporous ion exchange resin is converted to the gibbsite form of Al(OH).sub.3 by reaction with hot MgX.sub.2, where X is halide, followed by water-washing the MgX.sub.2 portion from the product, thereby causing the conversion of bayerite to the gibbsite form of crystalline Al(OH).sub.3. The gibbsite form may then be reacted with hot LiX solution, where X is anion, to form crystalline 2-layer LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **August 30, 1982
  
  **Date of Patent: **July 24, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Lithium aluminates for separating hydrocarbons
  
  **Patent number: **4430097
  
  **Abstract: **Particles of crystalline LiX.multidot.2Al(OH).sub.3 .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, where X is a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent anion, especially chlorine, are useful in separating hydrocarbons according to boiling point ranges.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **March 22, 1982
  
  **Date of Patent: **February 7, 1984
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Co.
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4348296
  
  **Abstract: **Porous substrates containing seeds of hydrous crystalline alumina are contacted with an aqueous solution of alkaline aluminate, thereby causing additional crystalline hydrous alumina to grow on the seeds within the pores of the substrate.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 1980
  
  **Date of Patent: **September 7, 1982
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventors: **William C. Bauman, John M. Lee, John L. Burba, III
- #### Crystalline lithium aluminates
  
  **Patent number: **4348295
  
  **Abstract: **Crystalline hydrous aluminas, Al(OH).sub.3, are reacted with LiX, where X is anion, under appropriate conditions to prepare crystalline compounds conforming substantially to the empirical formulaLiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owhere X is anion and nH.sub.2 O represents waters of hydration. Depending on the beginning hydrous alumina, some of the crystalline compounds are of a novel 2-layer unit cell structure and some of a 3-layer unit cell structure.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 1980
  
  **Date of Patent: **September 7, 1982
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III
- #### Lithium aluminates for gas chromatograph columns
  
  **Patent number: **4321065
  
  **Abstract: **Particles of crystalline LiX.multidot.2A1(OH).sub.3 .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, where X is a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent anion, especially chlorine, are useful in gas chromatography in separating hydrocarbons according to boiling point ranges.
  
  **Type: **Grant
  
  **Filed: **December 18, 1980
  
  **Date of Patent: **March 23, 1982
  
  **Assignee: **The Dow Chemical Company
  
  **Inventor: **John L. Burba, III

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